Cross-Docking: State of the Art

Omega 40 (2012) 827â€846 Contents records accessible at SciVerse ScienceDirect Omega diary landing page: www. elsevier. com/find/omega Review Cross-docking: State of the craftsmanship Jan Van Belle n, Paul Valckenaers, Dirk Cattrysse KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 300B, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium a r t I c l e I n f o Article history: Received 23 June 2011 Accepted 17 January 2012 Processed by Pesch Available online 25 January 2012 Keywords: Cross-docking Logistics Classi? cation abstractCross-docking is a coordinations methodology where cargo is emptied from inbound vehicles and (nearly) straightforwardly stacked into outbound vehicles, with almost no capacity in the middle. This paper presents an outline of the cross-docking idea. Rules for the effective use and execution of crossdocking are talked about and a few qualities are depicted that can be utilized to recognize distinctive cross-dock types. What's more, this paper presents a broa d survey of the current writing about cross-docking. The talked about papers are classi? d dependent on the issue type that is handled (running from progressively key or strategic to increasingly operational issues). In light of this audit, a few chances to improve and expand the momentum inquire about are shown. and 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights saved. Substance 1. 2. 3. Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827 When and how to utilize cross-docking? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 Cross-dock attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 3. 1. Physical attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 3. 2. Operational qualities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 3. 3. Stream qualities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 Literature audit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 4. 1. Area of cross-docks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 4. 2. Format plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833 4. 3. Cross-docking systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833 4. 4. Vehicle directing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834 4. 5. Dock entryway task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834 4. 6. Truck planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837 4. 6. 1. Single strip and stack entryway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837 4. 6. 2. Booking of inbound trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 4. 6. 3. Planning of inbound and outbound trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840 4. 7. Impermanent capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 4. 8. Different issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 Conclusion and research openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 4. 5. 1. Presentation Cross-docking is a coordinations system these days utilized by numerous organizations in various ventures (e. g. retail ? rms and less-thantruckload (LTL) coordinations suppliers). The fundamental thought behind crossdocking is to move approaching shipments legitimately to active Corresponding creator. Tel. : ? 32 16322534; fax: ? 32 16322986. Email addresses: jan. [emailâ protected] kuleuven. be (J. Van Belle), paul. [emailâ protected] kuleuven. be (P. Valckenaer s), dirk. [emailâ protected] kuleuven. be (D. Cattrysse). 0305-0483/$ †see front issue and 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights held. doi:10. 1016/j. mega. 2012. 01. 005 n vehicles without putting away them in the middle. This training can serve various objectives: the combination of shipments, a shorter conveyance lead time, the decrease of expenses, and so forth. The job of cross-docking in industry even appears to increment [1â€4]. In a customary appropriation community, merchandise are ? rst got and afterward put away, for example in bed racks. At the point when a client demands a thing, laborers pick it from the capacity and boat it to the goal. From these four significant elements of warehousing (accepting, capacity, request picking and transportation), stockpiling and request picking are normally the most costly.Storage is costly a direct result of the stock holding costs, request picking since it is work 828 J. Van Belle et al. /Omega 40 (2012) 827â€846 escalated. One w ay to deal with decrease expenses could be to improve at least one of these capacities or to improve how they communicate. Crossdocking anyway is a methodology that disposes of the two most costly dealing with activities: stockpiling and request picking [5â€8]. A de? nition of cross-docking gave by Kinnear [9] is: ‘‘receiving item from a provider or maker for a few end goals and merging this item with other suppliers’ item for normal ? al conveyance destinations’’. In this de? nition, the emphasis is on the combination of shipments to accomplish economies in transportation costs. The Material Handling Industry of America (MHIA) de? nes cross-docking as ‘‘the procedure of moving product from the getting dock to delivery [dock] for transportation without setting it ? rst into capacity locations’’ [10]. The emphasis is currently on transshipping, not holding stock. This requires a right synchronization of approaching (inboun d) and active (outbound) vehicles. Be that as it may, an ideal synchronization is dif? faction to achieve.Also, practically speaking, organizing is required on the grounds that numerous inbound shipments should be arranged, united and put away until the outbound shipment is finished. Along these lines, this severe limitation is loose by most creators. Cross-docking at that point can be portrayed as the way toward merging cargo with a similar goal (yet originating from a few causes), with negligible dealing with and with almost no capacity among emptying and stacking of the merchandise. On the off chance that the products are transiently put away, this ought to be just for a brief time of a period. A definite breaking point is dif? clique to de? e, however numerous creators talk around 24 h (e. g. [5,7,11,12]). On the off chance that the merchandise are put in a distribution center or on request picking racks or if the arranging takes a few days or even weeks, it isn't considered as crossdocking yet as (customary) warehousing. Be that as it may, regardless of whether the items are organized for a more drawn out time, a few organizations despite everything think of it as cross-docking, as long as the merchandise move from provider to capacity to client for all intents and purposes immaculate with the exception of truck stacking [3,13]. Numerous associations utilize a blend of warehousing and cross-docking to consolidate the bene? ts of the two methodologies [1].A terminal devoted for cross-docking is known as a cross-dock. Practically speaking, most cross-docks are long, restricted square shapes (I-shape), yet different shapes are additionally utilized (L,T,X, . . . ) [5]. A crossdock has different stacking docks (or dock entryways) where trucks can dock to be stacked or emptied. Approaching trucks are doled out to a ‘strip door’ where the cargo is emptied. At that point the products are moved to its fitting ‘stack door’ and stacked on an outbound truck. For the most part, there is no exceptional foundation to arrange cargo. On the off chance that merchandise must be put away briefly, they are put on the ? oor of the cross-dock (e. . before the dock entryway where the leaving truck is or will be docked). Notwithstanding, it is conceivable that the cross-dock contains for example a bed stockpiling, positively if cross-docking is c